Men Dominate Kenya’s Judiciary Complaints and Case Filings Amid Persistent Gender Gaps, Even as Digital Advancements Continue

Nairobi, Kenya - In a stark reflection of ongoing gender imbalances within Kenya's legal system, men overwhelmingly lead in lodging complaints and initiating court cases, according to the latest comprehensive report on the state of the judiciary. This trend persists despite notable strides in digitalization and case management, highlighting deep-rooted barriers that limit women's engagement in the justice sector.

During the financial year that concluded on June 30, men filed 928 complaints against the judiciary, dwarfing the 179 submitted by women. This disparity extends to overall litigation, where a total of 621,425 cases were registered across various courts, signaling a surge in legal disputes. However, women's participation remains strikingly low. They accounted for just 28 percent of litigants in superior courts and a mere 11 percent in magistrates' courts. Much of this limited involvement centers on family-oriented issues, with women comprising 51 percent of cases related to adoption in the High Court and 40 percent in probate and succession matters there.

Beyond family law, women's presence in other judicial arenas is even more subdued. For instance, they represented only 22 percent of litigants in civil appeals, 13 percent in constitutional petitions, 27 percent at the Environment and Land Court, and 15 percent at the Employment and Labour Relations Court. Men, by contrast, hold commanding majorities in a wide array of proceedings. They made up 74 percent of plaintiffs in civil cases, 92 percent of accused individuals in magistrates' courts, 93 percent of those charged with murder in the High Court, 99 percent in traffic offense cases, 80 percent of matters in the Small Claims Court, and 65 percent of applicants in Kadhis' Courts.

The gender divide also manifests in cases involving children. Boys constituted 94 percent of minors in conflict with the law due to criminal offenses and 93 percent in broader interactions with the legal system, including custody and guardianship disputes. These figures underscore how societal norms and access challenges continue to sideline women and girls from full participation in judicial processes.

On the performance front, the judiciary achieved a robust 104 percent case clearance rate, meaning it resolved more cases than it received during the period, demonstrating improved efficiency in handling workloads. Yet, accountability remains a pressing concern. The Judicial Service Commission received 143 petitions seeking the removal of judges, a rise from the 100 recorded in the prior year. Meanwhile, the Office of the Judiciary Ombudsman processed 1,107 complaints, a slight dip from 1,115 the previous year. These grievances primarily targeted court services, including issues like judicial discretion, missing files, frequent adjournments, prolonged trials, scheduling problems at the Court of Appeal, and procedural delays or poor case management at the High Court.

Disciplinary actions against judicial staff further illustrate operational hurdles. The commission handled 10 such cases, revealing patterns of misconduct like 32 instances of desertion of duty, 27 cases of unauthorized absences, and 17 occurrences of soliciting or accepting bribes. These internal challenges compound the external pressures on the system.

Efforts to modernize the judiciary have yielded tangible gains, particularly in digital transformation. A total of 322,295 case files were successfully converted into digital formats, streamlining access and reducing reliance on paper-based records. Infrastructure developments also progressed, with the establishment of six new magistrates' courts and three additional Small Claims Courts aimed at broadening justice delivery, especially in underserved areas.

Despite these advancements, financial constraints pose significant obstacles. A shortfall of Sh22.12 billion has stalled key projects, such as the construction of courts in Mihang'o and Kasarani, leading to intensified backlogs in high-volume stations. To combat overcrowding, the innovative Mahakama Popote program redirected 19,089 cases to less congested courts, culminating in the resolution of 14,240 matters and easing pressure on overburdened facilities.

Complementing formal proceedings, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms have gained momentum. Community mediation efforts resolved 677 disputes, with referred cases carrying a collective value of Sh63.53 billion. Of these, successful settlements amounted to approximately Sh26.5 billion, offering cost-effective and timely justice outside traditional courtrooms.

As Kenya's judiciary navigates these complexities, the enduring gender gaps call for targeted interventions to empower women as both users and contributors to the legal framework. Enhancing awareness, simplifying access, and addressing socioeconomic barriers could help bridge these divides, ensuring a more equitable system for all Kenyans. The report's insights serve as a roadmap for policymakers and judicial leaders to build on digital and infrastructural wins while tackling the human elements that sustain inequality.