Quote from Lawyer on June 25, 2025, 8:00 am

Hit-and-run accidents are a distressing reality on Kenyan roads, leaving victims grappling with physical injuries, emotional trauma, and financial burdens. These incidents occur when a driver involved in an accident flees the scene without stopping to provide assistance or identifying themselves. Pursuing a claim in such cases can be challenging, but with the right steps, victims can seek justice and compensation through police reports, insurance claims, or the courts. This article provides a comprehensive guide for victims of hit-and-run accidents in Kenya, outlining the process of reporting, pursuing claims, and navigating legal complexities.

A hit-and-run accident is defined under Kenyan law as a situation where a driver causes an accident (whether involving another vehicle, a pedestrian, or property) and leaves the scene without reporting the incident or providing their details. Such actions violate the Traffic Act (Cap 403), which requires drivers to stop, render assistance, and report accidents to the police. Hit-and-run cases are treated as criminal offenses, and perpetrators may face fines, imprisonment, or license suspension upon conviction.

Victims of hit-and-run accidents often face unique challenges:

• Lack of Driver Information: Without the at-fault driver’s details, identifying the responsible party is difficult.

• Insurance Complications: Claims may be harder to process without the other party’s insurance information.

• Evidence Collection: Critical evidence, such as witness statements or CCTV footage, may be time-sensitive.

Despite these hurdles, victims can take proactive steps to pursue compensation for medical expenses, property damage, lost income, and emotional distress.

Process of Reporting a Hit-and-Run Accident

Prompt and accurate reporting is crucial in hit-and-run cases to preserve evidence and initiate investigations. Follow these steps immediately after the incident:

1. Ensure Safety and Seek Medical Attention

• Prioritize Safety: Move to a safe location if possible, away from traffic. Turn on hazard lights or use reflective triangles to warn other drivers.

• Seek Medical Care: Even if injuries seem minor, visit a hospital for a medical evaluation. Injuries like concussions or internal bleeding may not be immediately apparent. Medical records will also serve as evidence for your claim.

• Document Injuries: Take photos of visible injuries and keep all medical receipts and reports.

2. Report the Incident to the Police

• Visit the Nearest Police Station: Under Section 73 of the Traffic Act, accidents must be reported to the police within 24 hours, or as soon as reasonably possible. For hit-and-run cases, immediate reporting is critical to trigger an investigation.

• Provide Detailed Information: Share all relevant details, including:

  • Date, time, and location of the accident.

  • Description of the fleeing vehicle (e.g., color, make, model, partial license plate number).

  • Circumstances of the accident (e.g., weather, road conditions, traffic signals).

  • Any witness statements or contact details.

• Obtain a Police Abstract: After filing the report, request a police abstract (Form P41). This document confirms the accident details and is essential for insurance claims or court proceedings. Ensure the abstract notes that it was a hit-and-run case.

• Follow Up on Investigations: Police may use CCTV footage, witness accounts, or license plate details to trace the driver. Stay in touch with the investigating officer for updates.

3. Gather Evidence at the Scene

If it is safe to do so, collect evidence before leaving the accident scene:

• Photographs and Videos: Capture images of the damage to your vehicle or property, skid marks, road signs, and the surrounding area.

• Witness Information: Speak to bystanders who saw the accident and collect their names and contact details.

• CCTV Footage: Note nearby businesses, traffic cameras, or buildings with surveillance cameras. Request footage promptly, as recordings may be overwritten.

• Personal Notes: Write down your recollection of the incident while it’s fresh, including the sequence of events and any distinguishing features of the fleeing vehicle.

4. Notify Your Insurance Company

• Contact Your Insurer Promptly: Inform your insurance provider about the accident as soon as possible, as most policies require timely notification.

• Submit Required Documents: Provide the police abstract, photos of the damage, medical reports (if applicable), and any other evidence. Clearly state that it was a hit-and-run incident.

• Understand Your Policy: If you have comprehensive insurance, your policy may cover hit-and-run damages, subject to terms like excess clauses. Third-party insurance typically does not cover hit-and-run cases unless the at-fault driver is identified.

Pursuing a Claim for Compensation

Victims of hit-and-run accidents can pursue compensation through insurance claims or legal action, depending on the circumstances. Below are the primary avenues:

1. Insurance Claims

If the at-fault driver is not identified, victims with comprehensive insurance can file a claim with their own insurer. Here’s how:

• Submit a Claim Form: Complete your insurer’s claim form accurately, attaching all supporting documents (e.g., police abstract, photos, medical records).

• Cooperate with the Insurer: The insurance company may appoint an assessor to evaluate the damage or a loss adjuster to verify the claim. Provide all requested information promptly.

• Understand Coverage Limits: Comprehensive policies typically cover vehicle repairs, medical expenses, and sometimes temporary transport costs. However, you may need to pay an excess (deductible) amount.

• Challenges with Uninsured Drivers: If the police identify the fleeing driver but they are uninsured, your insurer may still process the claim under your policy, but you may need to pursue the driver directly for recovery.

If you only have third-party insurance, compensation is unlikely unless the at-fault driver is traced and insured. In such cases, you may need to pursue legal remedies.

2. Legal Action Through the Courts

If the police identify the at-fault driver, victims can pursue a civil claim for compensation through the courts. Alternatively, if the driver remains unidentified or is uninsured, legal action may still be an option in specific cases. Here’s how to proceed:

• Hire an Advocate: Engage a lawyer experienced in personal injury or motor accident claims to guide you through the legal process. They can assess the strength of your case and advise on the best course of action.

• File a Civil Suit: Your lawyer will file a claim in a magistrate’s court or High Court, depending on the claim’s value. The suit may seek compensation for:

  • Medical expenses (current and future).

  • Property damage (e.g., vehicle repairs or replacement).

  • Lost income or earning capacity.

  • Pain and suffering.

• Present Evidence: Your case will rely on evidence like the police abstract, witness statements, medical reports, and expert testimony (e.g., from accident reconstruction specialists).

• Court Process: The court will hear both parties (if the driver is identified) and determine liability and compensation. If the driver is convicted of hit-and-run, this may strengthen your civil claim.

• Challenges with Unidentified Drivers: If the driver remains unknown, pursuing a civil suit is difficult unless you can access alternative compensation mechanisms, such as the Motor Insurers’ Bureau of Kenya (if established) or government compensation schemes (currently limited in Kenya).

3. Alternative Compensation Options

In some jurisdictions, motor insurers’ bureaus or government funds compensate hit-and-run victims, but Kenya currently lacks a robust equivalent. However:

• Check for Policy Riders: Some insurers offer optional hit-and-run coverage as an add-on to comprehensive policies. Review your policy or consult your insurer.

• Public Liability Claims: If the accident occurred due to road defects or negligence by a public entity (e.g., poor signage), you may have a claim against the responsible authority, such as the Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA).

• Community Support: In rare cases, community or charitable organizations may offer assistance, though this is not a formal compensation mechanism.

Challenges and Tips for Success

Pursuing a hit-and-run claim in Kenya can be complex due to:

• Delayed Investigations: Police investigations may be slow, and evidence like CCTV footage may be lost.

• Uninsured Drivers: Even if the driver is identified, they may lack insurance, complicating recovery.

• Emotional Toll: The stress of dealing with injuries, repairs, and legal processes can be overwhelming.

To improve your chances of success:

• Act Quickly: Time is critical for preserving evidence and meeting reporting deadlines.

• Document Everything: Keep detailed records of all expenses, communications, and evidence.

• Seek Legal Advice: An experienced advocate can navigate insurance negotiations or court proceedings effectively.

• Stay Persistent: Follow up with the police, insurer, and lawyer to keep your case moving forward.

Preventive Measures and Road Safety

While victims bear no fault in hit-and-run accidents, promoting road safety can reduce such incidents:

• Install Dashcams: A dashboard camera can capture critical evidence, such as license plates, in hit-and-run cases.

• Drive Defensively: Stay alert to erratic drivers and avoid confrontations.

• Advocate for Better Enforcement: Support initiatives for stricter traffic law enforcement and more CCTV coverage on Kenyan roads.

Conclusion

Hit-and-run accidents in Kenya pose significant challenges, but victims can pursue justice and compensation by acting swiftly and strategically. By reporting the incident to the police, gathering evidence, notifying insurers, and seeking legal advice, you can navigate the complexities of these cases. While the process may be daunting, persistence and professional guidance can lead to fair outcomes.

Contact us today at +254 716 708 104 or info@lawguide.co.ke for expert advice.